See przeciwko on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "przeciwko"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"word": "przeciwko"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"przeciw",
"przeciw#Old_Polish"
],
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"ku#Old_Polish"
],
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"-ko",
"-ko#Old_Polish"
]
],
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"2": ":univ",
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"etydate": "beginning of the 15th century",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
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"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Univerbation of przeciw + ku, influenced by -ko. First attested in the beginning of the 15th century.",
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],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Num”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)^(transliteration, transcription), 14, 9:",
"text": "Nye szemrzicze przecziwko panv (contra dominum)",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"against (in opposition to)"
],
"id": "en-przeciwko-zlw-opl-prep-Y6GWtNAi",
"links": [
[
"against",
"against"
]
]
},
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],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Deut”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)^(transliteration, transcription), 25, 18:",
"text": "Wspominayø, czso tobye gest vczinil Amalech na drodze potkaw czø, gdizesz viszedl z Egipta: kako gest sedl przecziwko tobye (quomodo occurrerit tibi)",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
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],
"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Jos”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)^(transliteration, transcription), 3, 17:",
"text": "Lvd sedl przecziwko Iordanovi (contra Iericho)",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"towards, to meet with"
],
"id": "en-przeciwko-zlw-opl-prep-059FxyVZ",
"links": [
[
"towards",
"towards"
],
[
"meet",
"meet"
],
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"with",
"with"
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]
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"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Lev”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)^(transliteration, transcription), 19, 32:",
"text": "Przecziwko szadim glowam (coram cano capite) powstany a poczczi twarz starego",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"opposite; on the other side of; straight of, in front of"
],
"id": "en-przeciwko-zlw-opl-prep-jRgqHKUw",
"links": [
[
"opposite",
"opposite"
],
[
"on the other side of",
"on the other side of"
],
[
"straight of",
"straight of"
],
[
"in front of",
"in front of"
]
]
},
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"kind": "other",
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"source": "w"
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{
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"_dis": "3 9 6 11 29 3 3 35",
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"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
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],
"glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include"
],
"id": "en-przeciwko-zlw-opl-prep-~Mwf1bvk",
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:"
]
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 4 2 6 56 1 1 30",
"kind": "other",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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},
{
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],
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"ref": "1960 [1403], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty pyzdrskie, volume II, number 219, Pyzdry:",
"text": "Iacosm ya s Boguslavem zamenil przecziwco karczme y sadovi nivø w Døbrowe",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
"in exchange for"
],
"id": "en-przeciwko-zlw-opl-prep-A-RSP6cw",
"links": [
[
"in exchange for",
"in exchange for"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland) The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
"in exchange for"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
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"parents": [],
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}
],
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74,
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],
"ref": "1873, Zygmunt Gloger, editor, Ułamek starożytnego kazania o małżeństwie:",
"text": "Kto czistotø mylvie, ten sie trzyma kv wszelkeey nyeczistoczee iako owcza przeczywko wilkowi",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in relation to, with regard to"
],
"id": "en-przeciwko-zlw-opl-prep-Rqr1GIUh",
"links": [
[
"in relation to",
"in relation to"
],
[
"with regard to",
"with regard to"
]
]
},
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}
],
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"ref": "1960 [1411], Henryk Kowalewicz, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz, editors, Wielkopolskie roty sądowe XIV-XV wieku, Roty pyzdrskie, volume II, number 323, Pyzdry:",
"text": "Nicolaus... gest odbil røcoym tich..., czsosz bili nan zalowali przeciwko Niczwoytowi de Wyasdu",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"for, on behalf of, in favor of"
],
"id": "en-przeciwko-zlw-opl-prep-Evt8EpGu",
"links": [
[
"for",
"for"
],
[
"on behalf of",
"on behalf of"
],
[
"in favor of",
"in favor of"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Greater Poland",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Greater Poland) for, on behalf of, in favor of"
]
},
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"name": "Masovia Old Polish",
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{
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{
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"ref": "1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 104:",
"text": "Pakilibi zaprawdą wlodica pospolythi byl, polowycząn przeczywko slyachczyczewi (medietatem respectu nobilis) za... rani... vesmye",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in comparison to"
],
"id": "en-przeciwko-zlw-opl-prep-cQpkux9z",
"links": [
[
"in comparison to",
"in comparison to"
]
],
"qualifier": "attested in Masovia",
"raw_glosses": [
"(attested in Masovia) in comparison to"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pr̝ɛt͡ɕʲifkɔ/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/pr̝ɛt͡ɕʲifkɔ/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "przeciwko"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"przeciwko",
"przeciwko#Old_Polish"
],
[
"przeciw",
"przeciw#Polish"
],
[
"ku",
"ku#Polish"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:przeciwko",
"text": "+",
"tree": ""
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"before\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*per-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"fare\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*per-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pér\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-o\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pró\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"adverb\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*próti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*protivъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"przeciw\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*kom\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ku\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*kʷom\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*kъ(n)\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"ku\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Univerbation of\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"univerbation\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ko\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"przeciwko\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"przeciwko\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"przeciwko\">\nInherited from Old Polish przeciwko.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "pl",
"3": "przeciw",
"4": "ku"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of przeciw + ku",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish przeciwko. By surface analysis, univerbation of przeciw + ku.",
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{
"args": {
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"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "przeciwko",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"prze‧ciw‧ko"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"prze‧ciw‧ko"
]
}
],
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},
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},
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}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
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{
"glosses": [
"against (in opposition to)"
],
"id": "en-przeciwko-pl-prep-Y6GWtNAi",
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[
"against",
"against"
]
],
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{
"word": "przeciw"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"against (in conflict with)"
],
"id": "en-przeciwko-pl-prep-DPgb8pSx",
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[
"against",
"against"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "przeciw"
}
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"against ((located) opposite to)"
],
"id": "en-przeciwko-pl-prep-jDj1Aab0",
"links": [
[
"against",
"against"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "przeciw"
}
]
},
{
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{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
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},
{
"_dis": "7 7 6 6 4 4 4 9 5 7 5 7 5 8 3 8 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"towards, to meet with"
],
"id": "en-przeciwko-pl-prep-059FxyVZ",
"links": [
[
"towards",
"towards"
],
[
"meet",
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[
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]
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],
"tags": [
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]
},
{
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{
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}
],
"glosses": [
"with relation to"
],
"id": "en-przeciwko-pl-prep-ScKpDbq2",
"links": [
[
"with relation to",
"with relation to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) with relation to"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "wobec"
}
],
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
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}
],
"glosses": [
"denotes recipient of an oral message; to"
],
"id": "en-przeciwko-pl-prep-Xj8Lf0lW",
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) denotes recipient of an oral message; to"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "do"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in the way of"
],
"id": "en-przeciwko-pl-prep-M4SfA6Y6",
"links": [
[
"in the way of",
"in the way of"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) in the way of"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "na przeszkodzie"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
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{
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"source": "w+disamb"
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{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"against (in comparison to)"
],
"id": "en-przeciwko-pl-prep-dQtyBTB3",
"links": [
[
"against",
"against"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) against (in comparison to)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "w porównaniu z"
}
],
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"Polish"
]
},
{
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{
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"name": "Pages with etymon",
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}
],
"glosses": [
"proportionally to"
],
"id": "en-przeciwko-pl-prep-LDbc5ZhI",
"links": [
[
"proportionally",
"proportionally"
],
[
"to",
"to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) proportionally to"
],
"tags": [
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"Polish"
]
},
{
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{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
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},
{
"_dis": "0 1 1 2 9 1 1 10 5 5 3 3 0 1 3 6 3 4 3 8 4 11 3 9 5",
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{
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 5 5 0 0 1 8 6 6 6 9 7 9 5 10 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 5 5 1 1 3 8 4 7 4 10 6 11 4 11 6",
"kind": "other",
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 6 6 4 4 4 9 5 7 5 7 5 8 3 8 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 5 5 0 1 3 8 4 5 4 10 5 12 4 12 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in contrast to"
],
"id": "en-przeciwko-pl-prep-RiobtSCh",
"links": [
[
"in contrast to",
"in contrast to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) in contrast to"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "w przeciwieństwie do"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"for (to the benefit of)"
],
"id": "en-przeciwko-pl-prep-tWSBTJk7",
"links": [
[
"for",
"for"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) for (to the benefit of)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dla"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
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"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"name": "Pages with entries",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 5 5 0 0 1 8 6 6 6 9 7 9 5 10 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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},
{
"_dis": "6 6 5 5 0 1 3 8 4 6 4 10 6 12 4 12 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 6 4 4 1 1 4 7 4 6 4 10 5 13 4 13 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 6 6 4 4 4 9 5 7 5 7 5 8 3 8 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish prepositions",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 7 5 5 0 1 3 8 4 5 4 10 5 12 4 12 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish univerbations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in exchange for"
],
"id": "en-przeciwko-pl-prep-dbRjowuT",
"links": [
[
"in exchange for",
"in exchange for"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) in exchange for"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "w zamian"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms with uncertain meaning",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
34,
43
]
],
"ref": "1564, J. Mączyński, Lexicon, page 3c:",
"text": "Adversus et adversum praepositio. Przećiwko.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
47,
56
]
],
"ref": "1564, J. Mączyński, Lexicon, page 64a:",
"text": "Contra, Praepositio accusativo casui serviens, Przećywko/ Náprzećyw.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
21
]
],
"ref": "1579, A. Calagius, Synonyma Latina, page 222a:",
"text": "Gegen vber. Przećiwko. Contra. E regione. Per adversum. Fronte sub adversa.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"against; Further details are uncertain."
],
"id": "en-przeciwko-pl-prep-8HKIiDrw",
"links": [
[
"against",
"against"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) against; Further details are uncertain."
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pʂɛˈt͡ɕif.kɔ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pr̝ɛˈt͡ɕif.kɔ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pʂɛˈt͡ɕif.kɔ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ifkɔ"
}
],
"word": "przeciwko"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"przeciwko",
"przeciwko#Old_Polish"
],
[
"przeciw",
"przeciw#Polish"
],
[
"ku",
"ku#Polish"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:przeciwko",
"text": "+",
"tree": ""
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"before\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*per-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"fare\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*per-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pér\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-o\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pró\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"adverb\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*próti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*protivъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"przeciw\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*kom\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ku\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*kʷom\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*kъ(n)\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"ku\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Univerbation of\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"univerbation\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ko\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"przeciwko\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"przeciwko\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"przeciwko\">\nInherited from Old Polish przeciwko.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "pl",
"3": "przeciw",
"4": "ku"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of przeciw + ku",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish przeciwko. By surface analysis, univerbation of przeciw + ku.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "przeciwko (not comparable)",
"name": "pl-adv"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"prze‧ciw‧ko"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"prze‧ciw‧ko"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"on the other side"
],
"id": "en-przeciwko-pl-adv-y4C1kDSa",
"links": [
[
"on the other side",
"on the other side of"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) on the other side"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "naprzeciwko"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to the other side"
],
"id": "en-przeciwko-pl-adv-SrB1ah1J",
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"other",
"other"
],
[
"side",
"side"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) to the other side"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms with uncertain meaning",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
63,
72
]
],
"ref": "1564, J. Mączyński, Lexicon, page 349d:",
"text": "E regione tanquam adverbium ponitur in oratione, Ná przećiwko/ Przećiwko.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
37,
47
]
],
"ref": "1588, A. Calepinus, Dictionarium decem linguarum, page 380b:",
"text": "Exadversum, Ex opposito, eregione. – Przecziwko.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain."
],
"id": "en-przeciwko-pl-adv-xvbE2kAR",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain."
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms with uncertain meaning",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
19
]
],
"ref": "1588, A. Calepinus, Dictionarium decem linguarum, page 253b:",
"text": "Contra – Przecziwko, na przecziw.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
17
]
],
"ref": "1588, A. Calepinus, Dictionarium decem linguarum, page 371a:",
"text": "Erga – Przecziwko.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
19
]
],
"ref": "1588, A. Calepinus, Dictionarium decem linguarum, page 1115a:",
"text": "Versus – Przecziwko.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain."
],
"id": "en-przeciwko-pl-adv-xvbE2kAR1",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain."
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pʂɛˈt͡ɕif.kɔ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pr̝ɛˈt͡ɕif.kɔ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pʂɛˈt͡ɕif.kɔ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ifkɔ"
}
],
"word": "przeciwko"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*per-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/per-#Proto-Indo-European:_before"
],
[
"*per-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/per-#Proto-Indo-European:_fare"
],
[
"*pér",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pér"
],
[
"*-o",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-o"
],
[
"*pró",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pró"
],
[
"*-ti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-ti#Proto-Indo-European:_adverb"
],
[
"*próti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/próti"
],
[
"*protivъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/protivъ#Proto-Slavic:_against"
],
[
"przeciw",
"przeciw#Old_Polish"
],
[
"*kom",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kom"
],
[
"*ku",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ku"
],
[
"*kʷom",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷom"
],
[
"*kъ(n)",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kъ(n)"
],
[
"ku",
"ku#Old_Polish"
],
[
"-ko",
"-ko#Old_Polish"
],
[
"przeciwko",
"przeciwko#Old_Polish"
],
[
"przeciwko",
"przeciwko#Old_Polish"
],
[
"przeciw",
"przeciw#Silesian"
],
[
"ku",
"ku#Silesian"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:przeciwko",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *pér\nProto-Indo-European *-o\nProto-Indo-European *pró\nProto-Indo-European *-ti\n?\nProto-Indo-European *prótider.\nProto-Slavic *protivъ\nOld Polish przeciw\nProto-Indo-European *kom\nProto-Indo-European *ku\nProto-Indo-European *kʷom\nProto-Slavic *kъ(n)\nOld Polish ku\nuniv.\n▲\nOld Polish -koinflu.\nOld Polish przeciwko\nSilesian przeciwko\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"before\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*per-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"fare\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*per-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pér\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-o\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pró\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"adverb\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*próti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*protivъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"przeciw\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*kom\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ku\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*kʷom\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*kъ(n)\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"ku\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Univerbation of\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"univerbation\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ko\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"przeciwko\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Silesian\", \"term\" : \"przeciwko\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"szl\" }\" data-lang=\"szl\" data-title=\"przeciwko\">\nInherited from Old Polish przeciwko.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "szl",
"3": "przeciw",
"4": "ku"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of przeciw + ku",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *pér\nProto-Indo-European *-o\nProto-Indo-European *pró\nProto-Indo-European *-ti\n?\nProto-Indo-European *prótider.\nProto-Slavic *protivъ\nOld Polish przeciw\nProto-Indo-European *kom\nProto-Indo-European *ku\nProto-Indo-European *kʷom\nProto-Slavic *kъ(n)\nOld Polish ku\nuniv.\n▲\nOld Polish -koinflu.\nOld Polish przeciwko\nSilesian przeciwko\nInherited from Old Polish przeciwko. By surface analysis, univerbation of przeciw + ku.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "przeciwko",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"prze‧ciw‧ko"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
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"text": "On niy jest przeciwko Niymcom, yno niy jest przeciw Korfantymu.",
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],
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"type": "quotation"
}
],
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"links": [
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"text": "Wspominayø, czso tobye gest vczinil Amalech na drodze potkaw czø, gdizesz viszedl z Egipta: kako gest sedl przecziwko tobye (quomodo occurrerit tibi)",
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"ref": "1930 [c. 1455], “Jos”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)^(transliteration, transcription), 3, 17:",
"text": "Lvd sedl przecziwko Iordanovi (contra Iericho)",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"towards, to meet with"
],
"links": [
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}
],
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"text": "Iacosm ya s Boguslavem zamenil przecziwco karczme y sadovi nivø w Døbrowe",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:",
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}
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"text": "Nicolaus... gest odbil røcoym tich..., czsosz bili nan zalowali przeciwko Niczwoytowi de Wyasdu",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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"ref": "1895 [1448–1450], Mikołaj Suled, edited by Franciszek Piekosiński, Tłumaczenia polskie statutów ziemskich, Kodeks Świętosławów, Warka, page 104:",
"text": "Pakilibi zaprawdą wlodica pospolythi byl, polowycząn przeczywko slyachczyczewi (medietatem respectu nobilis) za... rani... vesmye",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
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],
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]
],
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"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
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}
],
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}
{
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}
],
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],
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[
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[
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"meet"
],
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"with"
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],
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},
{
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"glosses": [
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],
"links": [
[
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"with relation to"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
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],
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"word": "wobec"
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],
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"Polish"
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},
{
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],
"glosses": [
"denotes recipient of an oral message; to"
],
"links": [
[
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"to"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) denotes recipient of an oral message; to"
],
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],
"tags": [
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"Polish"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"in the way of"
],
"links": [
[
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"in the way of"
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],
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],
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}
],
"tags": [
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"Polish"
]
},
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"categories": [
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],
"glosses": [
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],
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"against"
]
],
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],
"synonyms": [
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],
"tags": [
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"Polish"
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},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"proportionally to"
],
"links": [
[
"proportionally",
"proportionally"
],
[
"to",
"to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
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],
"tags": [
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"Polish"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"in contrast to"
],
"links": [
[
"in contrast to",
"in contrast to"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) in contrast to"
],
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"word": "w przeciwieństwie do"
}
],
"tags": [
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"Polish"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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],
"glosses": [
"for (to the benefit of)"
],
"links": [
[
"for",
"for"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) for (to the benefit of)"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "dla"
}
],
"tags": [
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"Polish"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"glosses": [
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],
"links": [
[
"in exchange for",
"in exchange for"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) in exchange for"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "w zamian"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"categories": [
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"Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Polish terms with quotations",
"Polish terms with uncertain meaning"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
34,
43
]
],
"ref": "1564, J. Mączyński, Lexicon, page 3c:",
"text": "Adversus et adversum praepositio. Przećiwko.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
47,
56
]
],
"ref": "1564, J. Mączyński, Lexicon, page 64a:",
"text": "Contra, Praepositio accusativo casui serviens, Przećywko/ Náprzećyw.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
21
]
],
"ref": "1579, A. Calagius, Synonyma Latina, page 222a:",
"text": "Gegen vber. Przećiwko. Contra. E regione. Per adversum. Fronte sub adversa.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"against; Further details are uncertain."
],
"links": [
[
"against",
"against"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) against; Further details are uncertain."
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pʂɛˈt͡ɕif.kɔ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pr̝ɛˈt͡ɕif.kɔ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pʂɛˈt͡ɕif.kɔ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ifkɔ"
}
],
"word": "przeciwko"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Polish 3-syllable words",
"Polish adverbs",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish location adverbs",
"Polish prepositions",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (before)",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (fare)",
"Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *próti",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish uncomparable adverbs",
"Polish univerbations",
"Rhymes:Polish/ifkɔ",
"Rhymes:Polish/ifkɔ/3 syllables"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"przeciwko",
"przeciwko#Old_Polish"
],
[
"przeciw",
"przeciw#Polish"
],
[
"ku",
"ku#Polish"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:przeciwko",
"text": "+",
"tree": ""
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"before\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*per-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"fare\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*per-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pér\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-o\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pró\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"adverb\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*próti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*protivъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"przeciw\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*kom\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ku\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*kʷom\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*kъ(n)\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"ku\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Univerbation of\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"univerbation\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ko\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"przeciwko\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"przeciwko\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"przeciwko\">\nInherited from Old Polish przeciwko.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "pl",
"3": "przeciw",
"4": "ku"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of przeciw + ku",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Old Polish przeciwko. By surface analysis, univerbation of przeciw + ku.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "przeciwko (not comparable)",
"name": "pl-adv"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"prze‧ciw‧ko"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"prze‧ciw‧ko"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"on the other side"
],
"links": [
[
"on the other side",
"on the other side of"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) on the other side"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "naprzeciwko"
}
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish"
],
"glosses": [
"to the other side"
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"other",
"other"
],
[
"side",
"side"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) to the other side"
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish",
"Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Polish terms with quotations",
"Polish terms with uncertain meaning"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
63,
72
]
],
"ref": "1564, J. Mączyński, Lexicon, page 349d:",
"text": "E regione tanquam adverbium ponitur in oratione, Ná przećiwko/ Przećiwko.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
37,
47
]
],
"ref": "1588, A. Calepinus, Dictionarium decem linguarum, page 380b:",
"text": "Exadversum, Ex opposito, eregione. – Przecziwko.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain."
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"not-comparable"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Middle Polish",
"Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Polish terms with quotations",
"Polish terms with uncertain meaning"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
19
]
],
"ref": "1588, A. Calepinus, Dictionarium decem linguarum, page 253b:",
"text": "Contra – Przecziwko, na przecziw.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
7,
17
]
],
"ref": "1588, A. Calepinus, Dictionarium decem linguarum, page 371a:",
"text": "Erga – Przecziwko.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
9,
19
]
],
"ref": "1588, A. Calepinus, Dictionarium decem linguarum, page 1115a:",
"text": "Versus – Przecziwko.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The meaning of this term is uncertain."
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Middle Polish) The meaning of this term is uncertain."
],
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish",
"not-comparable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pʂɛˈt͡ɕif.kɔ/"
},
{
"ipa": "/pr̝ɛˈt͡ɕif.kɔ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/pʂɛˈt͡ɕif.kɔ/",
"tags": [
"Middle",
"Polish"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ifkɔ"
}
],
"word": "przeciwko"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*per-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/per-#Proto-Indo-European:_before"
],
[
"*per-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/per-#Proto-Indo-European:_fare"
],
[
"*pér",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pér"
],
[
"*-o",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-o"
],
[
"*pró",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pró"
],
[
"*-ti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-ti#Proto-Indo-European:_adverb"
],
[
"*próti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/próti"
],
[
"*protivъ",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/protivъ#Proto-Slavic:_against"
],
[
"przeciw",
"przeciw#Old_Polish"
],
[
"*kom",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kom"
],
[
"*ku",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ku"
],
[
"*kʷom",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/kʷom"
],
[
"*kъ(n)",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kъ(n)"
],
[
"ku",
"ku#Old_Polish"
],
[
"-ko",
"-ko#Old_Polish"
],
[
"przeciwko",
"przeciwko#Old_Polish"
],
[
"przeciwko",
"przeciwko#Old_Polish"
],
[
"przeciw",
"przeciw#Silesian"
],
[
"ku",
"ku#Silesian"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:przeciwko",
"text": "+",
"tree": "+"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *pér\nProto-Indo-European *-o\nProto-Indo-European *pró\nProto-Indo-European *-ti\n?\nProto-Indo-European *prótider.\nProto-Slavic *protivъ\nOld Polish przeciw\nProto-Indo-European *kom\nProto-Indo-European *ku\nProto-Indo-European *kʷom\nProto-Slavic *kъ(n)\nOld Polish ku\nuniv.\n▲\nOld Polish -koinflu.\nOld Polish przeciwko\nSilesian przeciwko\n[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"before\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*per-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"fare\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*per-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pér\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-o\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*pró\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"adverb\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-ti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*próti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*protivъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"przeciw\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*kom\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*ku\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*kʷom\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*kъ(n)\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"ku\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Univerbation of\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"univerbation\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ko\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"przeciwko\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Silesian\", \"term\" : \"przeciwko\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"szl\" }\" data-lang=\"szl\" data-title=\"przeciwko\">\nInherited from Old Polish przeciwko.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "+univ",
"2": "szl",
"3": "przeciw",
"4": "ku"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, univerbation of przeciw + ku",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *per-der.?\nProto-Indo-European *pér\nProto-Indo-European *-o\nProto-Indo-European *pró\nProto-Indo-European *-ti\n?\nProto-Indo-European *prótider.\nProto-Slavic *protivъ\nOld Polish przeciw\nProto-Indo-European *kom\nProto-Indo-European *ku\nProto-Indo-European *kʷom\nProto-Slavic *kъ(n)\nOld Polish ku\nuniv.\n▲\nOld Polish -koinflu.\nOld Polish przeciwko\nSilesian przeciwko\nInherited from Old Polish przeciwko. By surface analysis, univerbation of przeciw + ku.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "preposition"
},
"expansion": "przeciwko",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"prze‧ciw‧ko"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"prze‧ciw‧ko"
]
}
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "szl",
"2": "dat"
},
"expansion": "[with dative]",
"extra_data": {
"tags": [
"dative"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"pos": "prep",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Requests for translations of Silesian quotations",
"Rhymes:Silesian/ifkɔ",
"Rhymes:Silesian/ifkɔ/3 syllables",
"Silesian entries with etymology texts",
"Silesian entries with etymology trees",
"Silesian entries with etymon",
"Silesian entries with incorrect language header",
"Silesian lemmas",
"Silesian prepositions",
"Silesian terms derived from Old Polish",
"Silesian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Silesian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Silesian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (before)",
"Silesian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (fare)",
"Silesian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *próti",
"Silesian terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Silesian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Silesian terms with audio pronunciation",
"Silesian terms with quotations",
"Silesian univerbations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
12,
21
]
],
"ref": "2016, Waldemar Szymczyk, editor, Bydzie lepij, →ISBN, archived from the original on 12 Nov 2022, page 70:",
"text": "On niy jest przeciwko Niymcom, yno niy jest przeciw Korfantymu.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"against (in opposition to)"
],
"links": [
[
"against",
"against"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "prociw"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pʂɛˈt͡ɕif.kɔ/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ifkɔ"
}
],
"word": "przeciwko"
}
Download raw JSONL data for przeciwko meaning in All languages combined (30.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.